본 논문은 Low Earth Orbit - Positioning Navigation, Timing (LEO PNT) 위성군을 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 및 Korean Positioning System (KPS)와 통합한 다중 구조 Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) 시스템 (Multi-Layered PNT System)의 Precise Point Positioning (PPP) 성능을 분석한다. 시뮬레이터로 생성한 위성군 별 데이터로 칼만 필터 기반 PPP를 수행하여 사용자 위치 및 미지정수 오 차를 동시에 추정한다. 시나리오별 위성 조합에 따른 가시 위성 수와 Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP), 수렴 시간을 비교 및 분석함으로써, Low Earth Orbit Positioning Navigation, and Timing (LEO PNT)의 보강이 유도하는 수렴 가속 및 성능 향상을 정량화 한다.

Analysis of PPP Convergence Time and Integer Ambiguity Resolution Performance of LEO-Based Multi-Layered PNT System

Ji-Young Park, Min-Geun Cho, Hyun-Jung Lee, Jong-Hoon Won*

This paper analyzes the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) performance of a Multi-Layered Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) system that integrates the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the Korean Positioning System (KPS), and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations. Satellite datasets generated by a simulator are processed using a Kalman filter–based PPP framework with both code and carrier- phase measurements. The analysis compares the number of visible satellites, Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP), and convergence times across different constellation scenarios. The results quantify how the inclusion of LEO constellations accelerates convergence and enhances performance, demonstrating the potential of multi-layered constellations to improve PPP efficiency in future navigation systems.

Keywords: LEO PNT, PPP, multi-layered system

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