About 2D Dead-reckoning technologies, there were lots of changes of technical trend for several years. One of big changes is sensor, from analog sensors to digital sensors and goes high integrated, low cost and minimized MEMS type.
This trend makes MEMS INS sensor goes to the multiple axes, several INS sensors integrated in one chip. It is generalized that the integrated MEMS INS is the 9 axis or more in a chip. Because of this trend, people can have experience of many kinds of technologies and the related available applications are getting wider. And another trend of DR is to use various methods for speed information. These are classic analog speed pulse signal, digitized speed data, CAN based differential speed data, etc. The recent DR is the integrating of previous 2D DR and altitude sensor for 3D car navigation system. This paper introduces and summarizes these various kinds of recent DR methods and the applications. One of these recent DR methods was implemented and tested in field it is 3D DR navigation.


Keywords:  car navigation, MEMS ,3D DR