Recently, GPS spoofing has become a real threat to a lot of applications relying on GPS position and timing information. Many studies and reports showed that GPS spoofing attack was able to mislead aerial vehicles and vessels successfully through experimental tests. On the other hand, it is also well known that spoofing a moving target and misleading it to an intended location is very hard in the real situation. In this conflicting situation, practical assessment of the threat level and possibility of realization should be done first in order to come up with effective countermeasures. For this, analysis of GPS receiver operational characteristics against the counterfeit signal and the requirements for successful spoofing attack has been performed in this paper. Multi-RF GPS simulator was used for generating spoofing signals by controlling each RF module simultaneously in a same scenario. And then the operational characteristics of GPS receiver, including deformation of autocorrelation function and response of signal tracking loops for each deception stage, have been analyzed under several spoofing scenarios using software GPS receiver. As results, requirements of successful spoofing attack and the performance analysis of GPS receiver are addressed.

Keywords: GNSS spoofing, anti-spoofing, GNSS receiver