Development of a Simulator for LEO-PNT Architecture Design

Pil Hun Choi*, Jung-Tae Bae, Gwang Hee Jo, Jun-Hyeok Kim

Low Earth Orbit Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (LEO-PNT) systems represent complex architectures in which multiple design parameters—such as satellite orbits, constellation size, payload performance, and operational concepts—interact in a highly coupled manner. Thus, a systematic design approach is required that integrates mission objectives, performance requirements, operational strategies, and cost constraints from the early stages of system development. Although various LEO‑PNT system concepts have been proposed internationally, the operational concept and system architecture for a domestic LEO‑PNT capability have not yet been clearly defined. Therefore, a systematic framework is needed to explore feasible architecture options and to evaluate system performance under diverse design conditions. In this context, this paper presents the development of a simulation framework to support the architecture design of LEO-PNT systems. The proposed simulator enables the analysis of key design parameters and provides a flexible environment for evaluating system performance and design trade-offs.
Keywords: LEO-PNT, multi-layer PNT, constellation, feasibility study, navigation

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