In the last decade, a technique utilized the reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal from Earth’s surface, called as GNSS-Reflectometry or GNSS-R, has been shown to be a new remote sensing tool. The GNSS-R has been investigated to monitor Earth’s geophysical parameters, including ocean surface wind, soil moisture, and sea ice. The scattered GNSS signals reflected from Earth’s surface are received and processed to form the so-called delay-Doppler map (DDM) which is the main product of GNSS-R. In order to recover signal strength of the signal recorded from the nadir antenna, integration time are usually set to one-second length to generate DDM. However, this is rather a time-consuming procedure for on-board GNSS-R receiver to perform real-time DDM generation especially space-borne platform. Accordingly, the GNSS-R receiver is designed to output four DDMs per second. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility for multi-channel GNSS-R receiver. It was assumed that the GNSS-R receiver produces lower-resolution DDMs and the DDMs are recovered to higher-resolution by the single image super-resolution (SISR) algorithm, called very-deep super-resolution (VDSR). The experiment was carried out using the DDM products disseminated by the Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS). The results showed that the proposed method provides the probable way for multi-channel GNSS-R receiver which is beneficial to high spatial remote sensing applications.

Keywords: global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R), delay-Doppler map (DDM), single image super-resolution (SISR), very-deep super-resolution (VDSR)